Because cannabis remains federally controlled, IRC Section 280E denies licensed operators the ordinary and necessary deductions every other business takes — rent, marketing, most administrative payroll, professional fees. Two operators with identical revenue can post very different federal tax bills purely on how carefully their inventory was costed. That is why a 280E accountant treats cost of goods sold as the central deliverable rather than a year-end estimate.
Defensible COGS requires inventory accounting that is running all year: costs identified at the point they are incurred, absorbed under IRC 471 and 263A according to license class, and supported by production records that tie to the state seed-to-sale system. Documentation built after a notice arrives rarely holds. Built during the close, it usually does.
Our 280E tax services and inventory accounting work pairs with examination representation so cannabis tax compliance and audit readiness are the same workstream, not two.